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Perioperative care

Open the conversation

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Would you be happy to spend 4-5 minutes talking about something that can make a big difference to your future health and wellbeing?

Insight

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Spending a moment to set the scene and ask permission can open a constructive person-centred conversation around behaviour change. This keeps the individual actively engaged in the conversation and decision making.

Did you know?

Every conversation you have with people about physical activity is important in supporting behavioural change over the life course

In order to benefit health, research has shown that activities need to be of at least moderate intensity. For most people, this will mean experiencing an increased heart rate and breathing rate during the activity

The least active individuals stand to gain the most from a small increase in physical activity

Real impact

“I sleep better, feel stronger, and have more endurance”

“I just really want to make sure that I’m doing what I can to keep my muscles in my legs strong so that it will be an easier recovery”

Assess impact of the condition

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How has, or how might your operation affect your physical activity levels and the things you enjoy?

Insight

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Whilst not yet focusing on becoming more active, this open question can get the person talking about how things may have changed for the worse … and thus may increase their readiness for change and recovery. Most people are ambivalent about, rather than resistant to, increasing their physical activity levels. Your challenge is to help an individual to consider and share their own ‘pros’ for increasing their physical activity levels and help them to develop these ideas into a workable plan that fits into their life.

Try to understand their perspective, agenda and priorities and do not assume they:

  • ought to change
  • want to change
  • are primarily motivated by their health
  • either ARE or ARE NOT motivated to increase their activity levels
  • will respond well to a tough approach from you
  • must (or will) follow your advice

Learning skills like motivational interviewing can help you avoid common pitfalls that sometimes make conversations about behaviour change unrewarding and ineffective. Visit our education section to learn more.

Did you know?

Every conversation you have with people about physical activity is important in supporting behavioural change over the life course

In order to benefit health, research has shown that activities need to be of at least moderate intensity. For most people, this will mean experiencing an increased heart rate and breathing rate during the activity

The least active individuals stand to gain the most from a small increase in physical activity

Real impact

“I sleep better, feel stronger, and have more endurance”

“I just really want to make sure that I’m doing what I can to keep my muscles in my legs strong so that it will be an easier recovery”

Find out what they already know

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What do you know about the benefits of physical activity in people who are going to have, or have just had an operation?

Insight

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As an individual is more likely to change if they can personally identify with the ‘pros’ for change, help them to identify how they might benefit from being more active. Find out what they know first so that you can add to their existing understanding by sharing some of the wide-ranging benefits of being more active.

Did you know?

Local parks offer a great opportunity to be active for free

Those who are currently physically inactive should start gently and build up slowly, enabling their body to gradually adapt to the higher levels of activity.

Real impact

“…the [physical] therapist recommends that I do get up periodically, walk, stretch and do a little exercise. That’s the one thing that has influenced me…I try to do that every hour, get up, walk around, moving. I don’t want to get weakened.”

“It’s going to make me healthy and keep me healthy and It’s good for your legs, your weight, your brain…I mean, it’s good for a lot of different stuff.”

Share benefits

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Can I share some other things people find beneficial to see what you make of them?

Insight

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Based on your discussion so far, choose to share the benefits you judge will be most relevant and important to them. Some benefits are quite generic and others will be condition specific.

Remember the conversation won’t work if you take away their control. Ask permission and keep this a conversation not a lecture.

Did you know?

Local parks offer a great opportunity to be active for free

Those who are currently physically inactive should start gently and build up slowly, enabling their body to gradually adapt to the higher levels of activity.

Real impact

“…the [physical] therapist recommends that I do get up periodically, walk, stretch and do a little exercise. That’s the one thing that has influenced me…I try to do that every hour, get up, walk around, moving. I don’t want to get weakened.”

“It’s going to make me healthy and keep me healthy and It’s good for your legs, your weight, your brain…I mean, it’s good for a lot of different stuff.”

Encourage reflection

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What do you make of what I have just said?

Insight

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Allow some space for people to talk and explore the information rather than asking ‘do you understand?’ which can shut things down. Ask if they need anything clarifying and what concerns they might have about how the information applies to them.

Listen and reflect their concerns: ‘you’re worried about X’. Help them to address these issues by sharing the experience of other people: ‘other people I’ve worked with have had those concerns, but what typically happens when they get started is…’ or ‘whilst there is a small risk of X when you get started, this is outweighed by the risk reduction you experience once you have started moving more’. Ask what they think about what you have said.

Did you know?

Local parks offer a great opportunity to be active for free

Those who are currently physically inactive should start gently and build up slowly, enabling their body to gradually adapt to the higher levels of activity.

Real impact

“…the [physical] therapist recommends that I do get up periodically, walk, stretch and do a little exercise. That’s the one thing that has influenced me…I try to do that every hour, get up, walk around, moving. I don’t want to get weakened.”

“It’s going to make me healthy and keep me healthy and It’s good for your legs, your weight, your brain…I mean, it’s good for a lot of different stuff.”

Make it personal

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What would be the top 2-3 reasons for you personally becoming more active, if you decided to?

In addition to the personal benefits that being active can have, living an active life can reduce the risk of many common medical conditions by up to 50%

Offer to share some of this evidence if you feel they might be interested in finding out more about the impact of physical activity on disease prevention.

Insight

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Help them to generate and articulate their own reasons, which may or may not be health-related and recognise they might not be interested in long term disease prevention.

Saying ‘if you decided to’ reminds them that they are the decision maker, not you. This helps keep the discussion open and active, focusing your role on providing support.

Did you know?

Local parks offer a great opportunity to be active for free

Those who are currently physically inactive should start gently and build up slowly, enabling their body to gradually adapt to the higher levels of activity.

Real impact

“…the [physical] therapist recommends that I do get up periodically, walk, stretch and do a little exercise. That’s the one thing that has influenced me…I try to do that every hour, get up, walk around, moving. I don’t want to get weakened.”

“It’s going to make me healthy and keep me healthy and It’s good for your legs, your weight, your brain…I mean, it’s good for a lot of different stuff.”

Summarise without adding anything

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Can I summarise what I think you have said?

Insight

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Don’t be tempted to impose your own plan at this stage – they may agree with you just to end the conversation. Summarise the main points of the conversation and find out what they are thinking

This may sound something like: ‘so some of the benefits of physical activity for someone like you with X include A and B and C. The most important reasons for you personally would be P and W’.

Using a summary can be a good way to demonstrate and express empathy, that you can see the world from their perspective. Empathy contributes to outcomes in a range of settings.

Did you know?

Download this great infographic showing the UK Chief Medical Officers’ recommendations (2019) for physical activity in adults and older adults

In England 27.5% of the population are inactive.

It is possible to improve your recovery time and reduce your time spent in hospital by increasing your cardiorespiratory fitness with 2-4 weeks of Interval Training

Real impact

“I needed to find an exercise program to help me lose the weight so I can get a transplant…the program has helped me get motivated to exercise.”

“I just sat at home and I didn’t move or get up and when I got a pain, I thought it was “goodnight”… Then I went to the exercise classes and they were amazing. I realised every pain wasn’t a heart attack.”.

“Everyone knows that if you have to have an operation, your physical condition has to be good….I have been under the knife a couple of times so I know how important good fitness is; the fitter you are the sooner you get out of the drowsiness”

Ask the key question

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So, what do you think you will do?

If they decide that they are NOT ready:

Thank them for taking the time to talk with you about physical activity and offer an opportunity to review the conversation. Reassure them that help is available when they feel ready to change.

If they decide to become more active:

THEN move on to planning. Continue to keep the focus on them generating their own ideas for change, rather than telling and instructing. People are much more likely to make successful changes if they develop their own plans.

Insight

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The individual has heard about the benefits of physical activity for someone like them and has had the chance to consider the benefits they would most like to experience. They have heard their ideas spoken back to them, which can help to reinforce them. Now it’s decision time. Asking an open question ‘what do you think you will do?’ rather than a closed question ‘so, are you going to do physical activity?’ helps remind them that they – not you – are the decision maker. If they are not ready to change now this can be challenging for you, but they might have good reasons to keep things the same for now. Encouraging further reflection can be an important part of the process of helping people to make successful changes over time. Offer an opportunity to follow up on this conversation to review their thoughts about making changes.

Did you know?

Download this great infographic showing the UK Chief Medical Officers’ recommendations (2019) for physical activity in adults and older adults

In England 27.5% of the population are inactive.

It is possible to improve your recovery time and reduce your time spent in hospital by increasing your cardiorespiratory fitness with 2-4 weeks of Interval Training

Real impact

“I needed to find an exercise program to help me lose the weight so I can get a transplant…the program has helped me get motivated to exercise.”

“I just sat at home and I didn’t move or get up and when I got a pain, I thought it was “goodnight”… Then I went to the exercise classes and they were amazing. I realised every pain wasn’t a heart attack.”.

“Everyone knows that if you have to have an operation, your physical condition has to be good….I have been under the knife a couple of times so I know how important good fitness is; the fitter you are the sooner you get out of the drowsiness”

Agree a plan

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Can I share with you some things people find helpful when making a plan?

If they agree, ask them which of these might suit them

Share the relevant resource from the list below with your patient

Increase walking

This simple and progressive 12 week walking programme, developed by the ‘PACE-UP’ trial team is proven to help increase walking and health in the long term

Set some goals

Use our active lifestyles workbook to help those who are interested in building resilience and setting structured goals to create a roadmap for behaviour change

Use a diary

Creating a personalised monthly schedule helps work out where, when and how someone can start to fit opportunities to become more active into their own life

Use an app

EXi iPrescribe Exercise is a NHS approved app, which provides a personalised 12 week physical activity plan with tailored support for people with long term health conditions. It is free to use, just add the code ‘moving’ when logging on

Insight

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Aim to keep the focus on the individual generating their own ideas about change, rather than telling and instructing. People are much more likely to make successful changes if they develop their own plans.

Did you know?

Download this great infographic showing the UK Chief Medical Officers’ recommendations (2019) for physical activity in adults and older adults

In England 27.5% of the population are inactive.

It is possible to improve your recovery time and reduce your time spent in hospital by increasing your cardiorespiratory fitness with 2-4 weeks of Interval Training

Real impact

“I needed to find an exercise program to help me lose the weight so I can get a transplant…the program has helped me get motivated to exercise.”

“I just sat at home and I didn’t move or get up and when I got a pain, I thought it was “goodnight”… Then I went to the exercise classes and they were amazing. I realised every pain wasn’t a heart attack.”.

“Everyone knows that if you have to have an operation, your physical condition has to be good….I have been under the knife a couple of times so I know how important good fitness is; the fitter you are the sooner you get out of the drowsiness”

Arrange follow up

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How would you feel about coming back another time to build on the thoughts and ideas you’ve shared with me today?

Offer a follow up opportunity with you or a colleague appropriate to the environment you work in and resources available.

Insight

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A follow up appointment can be important after a five minute conversation. Spending more time enables you or a colleague to help the individual build on their own reasons for becoming more active and make them more likely to sustain successful behaviour change in the long term.

The arrangement of a follow up appointment would also be appropriate for those people deciding not to become more active yet, but who want to ‘think about it some more’.  The follow up appointment could be face to face but could also be via telephone or text.

Did you know?

Download this great infographic showing the UK Chief Medical Officers’ recommendations (2019) for physical activity in adults and older adults

In England 27.5% of the population are inactive.

It is possible to improve your recovery time and reduce your time spent in hospital by increasing your cardiorespiratory fitness with 2-4 weeks of Interval Training

Real impact

“I needed to find an exercise program to help me lose the weight so I can get a transplant…the program has helped me get motivated to exercise.”

“I just sat at home and I didn’t move or get up and when I got a pain, I thought it was “goodnight”… Then I went to the exercise classes and they were amazing. I realised every pain wasn’t a heart attack.”.

“Everyone knows that if you have to have an operation, your physical condition has to be good….I have been under the knife a couple of times so I know how important good fitness is; the fitter you are the sooner you get out of the drowsiness”

Signpost support organisations

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There are some great, free resources available here and on other websites by people who understand what it’s like living with your condition if you’d be interested to have a look

Support organisations

It can be helpful to share the patient information and other leaflets and links to the following organisations:

The Royal College of Anaesthetists – Fitter, Better, Sooner

The Royal College of Anaesthetists has produced patient resources on becoming fitter and more physically prepared for surgery, including leaflets on specific operations, and patient videos.

Age UK

Age UK are a source of information for classes and local events to help you get more active.

Versus Arthritis

Versus Arthritis are a charity who work with all forms of arthritis. Their website has excellent educational resources on a broad range of inflammatory rheumatic diseases and a range of physical activity resources including exercises to help manage pain.

Asthma + Lung UK

Asthma+Lung UK have information to find support and local Breathe Easy Groups in your local area.

Macmillan Cancer Support

Macmillan Cancer Support offer comprehensive support, helping people living with cancer become more active. The website offers online support and an activity planning diary.

British Geriatric Society

The British Geriatric Society along with Age UK and the Royal College of General Pracitiioners have produced the document ‘Fit for Frailty’ which gives an overview of Frailty and treatment strategies including physical activity.

We Are Undefeatable

“We Are Undefeatable” is a national campaign by 15 leading health and social care charities to inspire and support people with long-term health conditions to build physical activity into their lives, in a way that suits them.

#EndPJparalysis

#EndPJparalysis has become a global movement embraced by nurses, therapists and medical colleagues. Its aim: to value patients’ time and help more people to live the richest, fullest lives possible by reducing immobility, muscle deconditioning, and dependency at the same time as protecting cognitive function, social interaction and dignity.

CAPA

Care about Physical Activity (CAPA) is an improvement programme led by the Care Inspectorate to help older people in care to move more often. From little things like encouraging older people to post their own letters or walk up the stairs instead of using the lift. It’s about staff, people experiencing care and their friends and family working together to increase health, wellbeing and mobility. It’s about making things easier so that people can do things for themselves

Insight

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People may or may not be interested in accessing information and support groups, but they can offer unique support for people contemplating physical activity behavioural change with their condition. Particularly given the range and reliability of information on the internet, trusted resources are important to highlight.

Did you know?

Download this great infographic showing the UK Chief Medical Officers’ recommendations (2019) for physical activity in adults and older adults

In England 27.5% of the population are inactive.

It is possible to improve your recovery time and reduce your time spent in hospital by increasing your cardiorespiratory fitness with 2-4 weeks of Interval Training

Real impact

“I needed to find an exercise program to help me lose the weight so I can get a transplant…the program has helped me get motivated to exercise.”

“I just sat at home and I didn’t move or get up and when I got a pain, I thought it was “goodnight”… Then I went to the exercise classes and they were amazing. I realised every pain wasn’t a heart attack.”.

“Everyone knows that if you have to have an operation, your physical condition has to be good….I have been under the knife a couple of times so I know how important good fitness is; the fitter you are the sooner you get out of the drowsiness”